麻醉药品管理办法(附英文)
国务院
麻醉药品管理办法(附英文)
1987年11月28日，国务院
第一章 总则
第一条 为严格管理麻醉药品，保证医疗、教学、科研的安全使用，根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》的规定，制定本办法。
第二条 麻醉药品是指连续使用后易产生身体依赖性、能成瘾癖的药品。
第三条 麻醉药品包括：阿片类、可卡因类、大麻类、合成麻醉药类及卫生部指定的其他易成瘾癖的药品、药用原植物及其制剂。
第四条 国家严格管制麻醉药品原植物的种植和麻醉药品的生产、供应、进出口，非医疗、教学、科研需要一律不得使用麻醉药品。
第二章 麻醉药品的种植和生产
第五条 麻醉药品原植物的种植单位，必须经卫生部会同农牧渔业部、国家医药管理局审查批准，并抄报公安部。
麻醉药品的生产单位，必须经卫生部会同国家医药管理局审查批准。未经批准的任何单位和个人，一律不得从事麻醉药品的生产活动。
第六条 麻醉药品原植物的年度种植计划由卫生部会同农牧渔业部审查批准，麻醉药品的年度生产计划由卫生部会同国家医药管理局审查批准并联合下达执行，种植和生产单位不得擅自改变计划。对成品、半成品、罂粟壳及种子等，种植或生产单位必须有专人负责，严加保管，严禁自行销售和使用。
第七条 麻醉药品的生产，要加强质量管理，产品质量必须符合国家药品标准。
第八条 麻醉药品新品种的研究试制，必须由研制单位编制计划，报经卫生部审定批准后，方可进行。研究试制完毕后按有关新药审批的办法办理，并要严格试制品的保管与使用手续，防止流失。
第三章 麻醉药品的供应
第九条 麻醉药品的供应必须根据医疗、教学和科研的需要；有计划地进行。全国麻醉药品的供应计划由国家医药管理局指定的部门提出，报卫生部、国家医药管理局审查批准后下达执行。
第十条 麻醉药品经营单位的设置由各省、自治区、直辖市卫生行政部门会同医药管理部门提出，报卫生部、国家医药管理局审核批准。经营单位只能按规定限量供应经卫生行政部门批准的使用单位，不得向其他单位和个人供应。
第十一条 药用罂粟壳的供应业务由国家医药管理局及各省、自治区、直辖市的医药管理部门指定的经营单位办理，其他单位一律不准经营。罂粟壳的分配必须根据卫生部和国家医药管理局共同审查批准的计划调拨。罂粟壳可供医疗单位配方使用和由县以上卫生行政部门指定的经营单位凭盖有医疗单位公章的医生处方配方使用，不准零售。药品生产企业为配制中成药所需罂粟壳计划，由所在省、自治区、直辖市医药管理部门审核后，报卫生行政部门核定下达执行。
第十二条 各麻醉药品经营单位必须设置具有相应储藏条件的专用仓库或专柜，并指定专职人员承担麻醉药品的储运和供应工作。
第四章 麻醉药品的运输
第十三条 运输药用阿片时，必须凭卫生部签发的国内运输凭照办理运输手续，原植物的种植单位调给国家医药管理局仓库的药用阿片由发货单位派人押运，由仓库调往药品生产企业的由收货单位派人押运。押运员人数，按照运输部门的规定确定。
运输凭照由卫生部统一印制。
第十四条 运输麻醉药品和罂粟壳，除药用阿片外，生产和供应单位应在运单货物名称栏内明确填写“麻醉药品”，并在发货人记事栏加盖“麻醉药品专用章”，凭此办理运输手续。
第十五条 运输单位承运麻醉药品和罂粟壳，必须加强管理，及时运输，缩短在车站、码头、机场存放时间。铁路运输不得使用敞车，水路运输不得配装仓面，公路运输应当苫盖严密，捆扎牢固。
第十六条 运输途中如有丢失，承运单位必须认真查找，并立即报告当地公安机关和卫生行政部门查处。
第五章 麻醉药品的进出口
第十七条 麻醉药品的进出口业务由对外经济贸易部指定的单位按照国家有关外贸的规定办理，其他部门一律不得办理麻醉药品的进出口业务。麻醉药品进出口的年度计划应当报卫生部审批。
第十八条 因医疗、教学和科学工作需要进口麻醉药品的，应报卫生部审查批准，发给《麻醉药品进口准许证》后，方可申请办理进口手续。
第十九条 出口麻醉药品，应向卫生部提出申请并交验进口国政府主管部门签发的进口准许证，经卫生部审查发给《麻醉药品出口准许证》后，方可办理出口手续。
第二十条 麻醉药品进出口准许证由卫生部统一印制。
第六章 麻醉药品的使用
第二十一条 麻醉药品只限用于医疗、教学和科研需要。设有病床具备进行手术或一定医疗技术条件的医疗单位，可向当地卫生行政部门办理申请手续，经上一级卫生行政部门批准，核定供应级别后，发给“麻醉药品购用印鉴卡”，该单位应按照麻醉药品购用限量的规定，向指定的麻醉药品经营单位购用。
教学、科研单位所用的麻醉药品，由需用单位向当地卫生行政部门的上一级卫生行政部门提出申请，经批准后，向麻醉药品经营单位购用。
限量单位的级别标准由卫生部制定。
第二十二条 麻醉药品使用单位在采购麻醉药品时，须向麻醉药品经营单位填送“麻醉药品申购单”。麻醉药品经营单位在供应时，必须详细核对各项印章及数量。供应数量按照卫生部规定的麻醉药品品种范围及每季购用限量的规定办理。
第二十三条 麻醉药品使用单位采购麻醉药品，除直接到麻醉药品经营单位采购外，也可邮购。但往来单据、证件均须挂号寄发。邮寄麻醉药品时，麻醉药品经营单位应在包裹详情单上加盖“麻醉药品专用章”。并凭盖有“麻醉药品专用章”的发票作为向邮局办理邮寄的证明。
第二十四条 凡麻醉药品管理范围内的各种制剂，必须向麻醉药品经营单位购用。管理范围内没有的制剂或因医疗单位特殊需要的制剂，有麻醉药品使用权的医疗单位经县以上卫生行政部门批准，可以自行配制，其他任何单位不得自行配制。
第二十五条 使用麻醉药品的医务人员必须具有医师以上专业技术职务并经考核能正确使用麻醉药品。
进行计划生育手术的医务人员经考核能正确使用麻醉药品的，在进行手术期间有麻醉药品处方权。
第二十六条 麻醉药品的每张处方注射剂不得超过二日常用量，片剂、酊剂、糖浆剂等不超过三日常用量，连续使用不得超过七天。麻醉药品处方应书写完整，字迹清晰，签写开方医生姓名，配方应严格核对，配方和核对人员均应签名，并建立麻醉药品处方登记册。医务人员不得为自己开处方使用麻醉药品。
第二十七条 经县以上医疗单位诊断确需使用麻醉药品止痛的危重病人，可由县以上卫生行政部门指定的医疗单位凭医疗诊断书和户籍簿核发《麻醉药品专用卡》，患者凭专用卡到指定医疗单位按规定开方配药。由于持《麻醉药品专用卡》的病人用药增加，医疗单位每季度供应限量不足时，经所在地卫生行政部门的上一级卫生行政部门批准后，可增加供应量。
第二十八条 医疗单位应加强对麻醉药品的管理。禁止非法使用、储存、转让或借用麻醉药品。医疗单位要有专人负责，专柜加锁，专用帐册，专用处方，专册登记。处方保存三年备查。医疗单位对违反规定，滥用麻醉药品者有权拒绝发药，并及时向当地卫生行政部门报告。
第二十九条 因抢救病人急需麻醉药品的，有关医疗单位和麻醉药品经营单位应立即迅速办理，但只限于该病例一次性使用剂量，手续不完备的，可事后补办。
第七章 罚则
第三十条 凡违反本办法的规定，有下列行为之一者，可由当地卫生行政部门没 收全部麻醉药品和非法收入，并视其情节轻重给予非法所得的金额五至十倍的罚款，停业整顿，吊销《药品生产企业许可证》、《药品经营企业许可证》、《制剂许可证》的处罚：
（一）擅自生产麻醉药品或者改变生产计划，增加麻醉药品品种的；
（二）擅自经营麻醉药品和罂粟壳的；
（三）向未经批准的单位或者个人供应麻醉药品或者超限量供应的；
（四）擅自配制和出售麻醉药品制剂的；
（五）未经批准擅自进口、出口麻醉药品的；
（六）擅自安排麻醉药品新药临床，不经批准就投产的。
第三十一条 对利用工作方便，为他人开具不符合规定的处方，或者为自己开具处方，骗取、滥用麻醉药品的直接责任人员，由其所在单位给予行政处分。
第三十二条 违反本办法规定，擅自种植罂粟的，或者非法吸食麻醉药品的，由公安机关依照治安管理处罚条例或有关的规定给予处罚。
第三十三条 违反本办法的规定，制造、运输、贩卖麻醉药品和罂粟壳，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究其刑事责任。
第三十四条 当事人对行政处罚不服的，可在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内，向作出处理的机关的上一级机关申请复议。上一级机关应在接到申请之日起十日内作出答复。对答复不服的，可在接到答复之日起十五日内，向人民法院起诉。对处罚决定不服而逾期又不起诉的，原处理机关可向人民法院申请强制执行。
第八章 附则
第三十五条 军队、武装警察部队卫生医疗单位麻醉药品的供应、使用，由卫生部会同中国人民解放军总后勤部、中国人民武装警察部队后勤部根据本办法，制定具体管理办法
第三十六条 兽用麻醉药品的供应、使用，由卫生部、农牧渔业部根据本办法，制定具体管理办法。
第三十七条 本办法的实施细则由卫生部制定。
第三十八条 本办法自发布之日起施行。1978年9月13日国务院颁发的《麻醉药品管理条例》同时废止。
MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF NARCOTIC DRUGS
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF NARCOTIC DRUGS
(Promulgated by the State Council of the People's Republic of
China on November 28, 1987)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Medicine
Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, for the purpose of
tightening control over narcotic drugs so as to ensure their safe use in
medical treatment units, medical colleges and medical research
institutions.
Article 2
Narcotic drugs refer to those drugs that may cause dependence and
addiction after continuous administration.
Article 3
Narcotic drugs include opium, cocaine, marijuana, synthetic anaesthetic
drugs and those defined by the Ministry of Public Health as addict-forming
drugs, anaesthetic raw herbs and the products made from them.
Article 4
The State shall strictly supervise and control the cultivation of the
mother plants of narcotics and the production, supply, export and import
of narcotic drugs. Narcotic drugs shall not be used except for the purpose
of medical treatment, teaching and research when necessary.
Chapter II The Cultivation of Mother Plants of Narcotics and the Production of Narcotic Drugs
Article 5
The units that cultivate mother plants of narcotics must be examined and
approved jointly by the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of
Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery and the State Administration for
Medicine. A copy of the report shall be sent to the Ministry of Public
Security.
The units that produce narcotic drugs must be examined and approved
jointly by the Ministry of Public Health and the State Administration for
Medicine. Without approval, no unit or individual shall be allowed to
produce narcotic drugs.
Article 6
The annual cultivation plan for mother plants of narcotics shall be
examined and approved jointly by the Ministry of Public Health and the
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery. The annual
production plan of narcotic drugs shall be examined and approved jointly
by the Ministry of Public Health and the State Administration for
Medicine. The cultivation units and the production units shall not change
the plans without authorization. The cultivation unit and the production
unit must assign a person or persons with the special responsibility for
the storage of the finished products, semi-finished products, poppy
capsules and poppy seeds. Sale or use of these things without
authorization shall be strictly prohibited.
Article 7
Narcotic drugs must be brought under strict quality control. The quality
of the products must meet the standards set for medicines by the State.
Article 8
Before the development of any new kind of narcotic drugs, the research
unit must first of all draw up a plan and submit it to the Ministry of
Public Health for examination and approval. After the new drug is
developed, the research and trial production units must go through the
formalities for the approval of such new drugs. The storage and use of the
trial products must follow strict procedures so as to prevent their loss.
Chapter III The Supply of Narcotic Drugs
Article 9
Narcotic drugs shall be provided in a planned way according to the demand
of medical treatment units, medical colleges and scientific research
institutions. A national supply plan of narcotic drugs shall be drawn by
a department appointed by the State Administration for Medicine and
submitted to the Ministry of Public Health and the State Administration
for Medicine for examination and approval before it is issued for
implementation.
Article 10
The plan for the setting up of a trading unit of narcotic drugs shall be
put forward jointly by the administrative department of health and
medicine administrative department in each province, autonomous region, or
municipality directly under the Central Government and shall be examined
and approved by the Ministry of Public Health and the State Administration
for Medicine. The trading units shall provide narcotic drugs only to those
consumer units approved by the administrative department of health and
within the prescribed quota. No supply for any other unit or person is
permitted.
Article 11
Poppy capsules used for medical purposes shall be supplied by the trading
units appointed by the State Administration for Medicine and medicine
department in each province, autonomous region, or municipality directly
under the Central Government. No other unit shall be allowed to engage in
such business. Poppy capsules must be allotted to the consumer units in
accordance with the plan examined and approved jointly by the Ministry of
Public Health and the State Administration for Medicine. Poppy capsules
shall be supplied to the medical treatment units for clinical use and to
the trading units designated by the administrative departments of health
at or above the county level for clinical application endorsed with an
office seal of their respective medical treatment units. No retail sale of
poppy capsules is allowed. The pharmaceutical factories that need poppy
capsules in the production of ready made Chinese medicine must submit
plans to the medicine administrative department in their province,
autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government
for examination and then to the administrative department of health for
approval before production.
Article 12
A trading unit of narcotic drugs must have a special storehouse or
counter(s) with good storage conditions and assign a person or persons
with special responsibility for the storage, transportation and supply of
narcotic drugs.
Chapter IV Transportation of Narcotic Drugs
Article 13
A permit for domestic consignment issued by the Ministry of Public Health
is needed when going through shipment formalities for transporting
medicinal opium. Shipment of medicinal opium from the cultivation unit to
the storehouse of the State Administration for Medicine shall be escorted
by the people sent by the consignor unit. Shipment of medicinal opium from
the storehouse to the production enterprises shall be escorted by the
people sent by consignee unit. The number of escorts shall be decided in
accordance with the regulations of the transportation department.
Permit for domestic transportation of such drugs shall be printed solely
by the Ministry of Public Health.
Article 14
When consigning narcotic drugs or poppy capsules (not including medicinal
opium), the production unit or the supply unit must put down clearly the
words of Narcotic Drug in the blank for the name of goods on the shipping
document and a seal for consignment of Narcotic Drug must be stamped in
the space left for the consignor.
Article 15
The freighter unit must tighten control over the shipment of narcotic
drugs and poppy capsules by dispatching the consignment promptly and
shortening its storage time at the station, on the dock or at the airport.
They must not be transported in open wagons on railways and, if by ship,
no loading on hold surface is allowed and, if by truck, they must be
securely fastened up and safely protected.
Article 16
In the event that any of the narcotic drugs or poppy capsules are found
missing in the course of transportation, the freighter-unit must report
the case promptly to the local public security organ and the
administrative department of health for investigation.
Chapter V Import and Export of Narcotic Drugs
Article 17
The import and export of narcotic drugs shall be handled by the units
appointed by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade in
accordance with State regulations concerning foreign trade.
No other units shall be allowed to engage in the business. The annual plan
for import and export of narcotic drugs shall be subject to examination
and approval by the Ministry of Public Health.
Article 18
The import of narcotic drugs needed in medical treatment units, medical
colleges of or medical science research institutions must be verified and
approved by the Ministry of Public Health. Only after an Import License
for Narcotic Drugs is granted can these units apply to go through import
formalities.
Article 19
The export of narcotic drugs must be verified and approved by the Ministry
of Public Health. An application and an import license which is a
prerequisite to going through import formalities for narcotic drugs issued
by the competent government department of the importing country must be
presented before the Ministry of Public Health issues an Export License
for Narcotic Drugs.
Article 20
Import and export licenses for narcotic drugs shall be printed exclusively
by the Ministry of Public Health.
Chapter VI The Use of Narcotic Drugs
Article 21
Narcotic drugs shall only be used for medical treatment, in teaching at
medical colleges and in medical science research. Any medical treatment
unit with medical wards and with surgical or other necessary medical
treatment facilities may file an application to the local administrative
department of health. Upon approval by the administrative department of
health at a higher level, and after the level of supply is verified, a
Purchase Card for Narcotic Drugs shall be issued. The aforesaid unit may
purchase the needed narcotic drugs from the designated trading units
according to the fixed quota. When the medical colleges or scientific
research institutions are in need of narcotic drugs, they shall file an
application to the administrative department of health at a higher level
and, upon approval, may purchase these drugs from the trading units of
narcotic drugs. The Ministry of Public Health is the authority to make out
the grading standard of rations.
Article 22
Narcotic consuming unit must fill out an application form for when
purchasing, narcotic drugs and the supplying unit must check the various
seals and the number of seals stamped on the form before supplying them
with the kind of drugs on quarterly ration as stipulated in the
regulations set by the Ministry of Public Health.
Article 23
The unit in need of narcotic drugs can either purchase them directly from
the trading units or by mail order. In the latter case, however, the
shipping documents and certificates must be sent out by registered mail.
When sending the narcotic drugs by post, the sender-trading unit is
required to stamp a Seal for Narcotic Drugs on the parcel form and to
present to the post office the invoice with a Seal for Narcotic Drugs
stamped on.
Article 24
Preparations that fall under the category of narcotic drugs must be
purchased from the trading units of narcotic drugs. In case that they are
not available or special preparations are needed by the medical treatment
units, the authorized consuming medical units may prepare them by
themselves with approval by the administrative department of health at or
above the county level. No other unit shall be allowed to prepare any form
of anaesthetic.
Article 25
The medical worker who prescribes any anaesthetics for the patient must be
a qualified physician or a surgeon, who is tested to have been able to use
such drugs properly. The surgeon at the induced abortion ward who is
tested to have been able to use such drugs properly may have the right to
prescribe anaesthetics for the person to be operated on.
Article 26
Dosage for injection in each prescription must not exceed two days of
daily dose, as for the tablet, tincture, syrup, the dosage must not exceed
three days of daily dose. Administration of narcotic must not exceed a
period of seven days running. Prescription of narcotic drugs must be fully
and clearly stated with signature of the physician or surgeon on. When
preparing a narcotic drug, the pharmacist and the checker are required to
sign their names and keep the prescription of the narcotic drug on file.
No medical worker is allowed to prescribe any narcotic drug for
him/herself.
Article 27
In the case of a patient in serious conditions who is diagnosed by a
hospital at or above county level to be in need of narcotic drugs as a
pain killer, the hospital appointed by the administrative department of
health at or above the county level may issue the patient with a Special
Purchasing Card for Narcotic on the basis of the Prescription and by
checking his permanent residence booklet, and the patient may take this to
the appointed medical treatment unit to have the drug prepared. If the
patient holding a Special Purchasing Card for Narcotic is in need of a
larger dose and the seasonal ration of the medical treatment unit fails to
meet the demand, additional amount of narcotic shall be made available
only with the approval by the administrative department of health at a
higher level.
Article 28
Medical treatment units are required to tighten control over narcotic
drugs. Any illegal use, storage, transfer or borrowing of narcotic drugs
is prohibited. Narcotic drugs must be put under the charge of a person
specially appointed for the purpose and kept in a separate place under
lock. The distribution and prescriptions of narcotic drugs must be kept in
record separately from those of other medicine.
The prescriptions must be kept on file for a period of three years. The
medical treatment unit shall have the right to refuse dispensing of drugs
to those who abuse them in violation of relevant rules and regulations and
shall report the case to the local administrative department of health
promptly.
Article 29
In the event of an emergency case which is in need of narcotic drugs, the
medical treatment unit so involved and the trading unit of narcotic drugs
are required to supply a dose of narcotic promptly for the case only, and
the necessary formalities shall be done after the event.
Chapter VII Penalty Provisions
Article 30
Any violation of these Measures shall be subject to penalty by the local
administrative department of health according to the seriousness of the
case. The penalty shall cover confiscation of all the narcotic drugs and
the illegal earnings, a fine ranging from 5-10 times the illegal profits,
closing down of the business or revocation of "License for Pharmaceutical
Production Enterprise", "License for Pharmaceutical Business Enterprise"
or License for Medicaments"
(1) those who, without authorization, are engaged in the production of
narcotic drugs or have changed the production plan and made additional
kinds of narcotic drugs;
(2) those who are engaged in unauthorized trading business of narcotic
drugs and poppy capsules;
(3) those who supply or oversupply narcotics to any unit or person that
has not been granted the permission to use the stuff;
(4) those who prepare and sell any form of narcotic drugs without
authorization;
(5) those who are engaged in unauthorized import or export of narcotic
drugs;
(6) those who apply any new kind of narcotic drugs to patients clinically
or have produced any new kind of narcotic drugs without authorization.
Article 31
Those who have taken advantage of their professional work by prescribing
narcotics to other persons without complying with the rules or by
prescribing narcotics for themselves, and those who are directly
responsible for cheating to obtain or abusing the stuff, shall be given
disciplinary sanctions by the authorities of their units.
Article 32
Those who, in violation of these Measures, cultivate poppy without
authorization or take in narcotic drugs illegally shall be punished by a
public security organ in accordance with the Regulations on Administrative
Penalties for Public Security or other related rules.
Article 33
With respect to any one who produces, transports or sells narcotics or
poppy capsules, if the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a
crime, he shall be prosecuted for criminal liability by the judicial
organs according to law.
Article 34
A party, who is dissatisfied with the decision on an administrative
sanction may, within 15 days of receiving the notification on the
sanction, make a request for reconsideration to the authorities at the
level next higher, which shall make a reply within 10 days of receipt of
the appeal. If he is dissatisfied with the decision on reconsideration, he
may, within 15 days of receiving the reconsideration decision, bring a
suit before a people's court. If, upon the expiration of this period, the
party has neither complied with the sanction nor has brought a suit before
a people's court, the authorities that impose the sanction shall apply to
the people's court for compulsory enforcement.
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 35
The specific administration rules for the supply and use of narcotic drugs
in the health and medical treatment units of the Chinese People's
Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force shall be
formulated jointly by the Ministry of Public Health, the General Logistics
Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Logistics
Department of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force in accordance with
these Measures.
Article 36
The specific administration rules for the supply and use of veterinary
narcotic drugs shall be formulated jointly by the Ministry of Public
Health and the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery in
accordance with these Measures.
Article 37
The rules for the implementation of these Measures shall be formulated by
the Ministry of Public Health.
Article 38
These Measures shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation. The
Provisions for the Administration of Narcotic Drugs, promulgated by the
State Council of the People's Republic of China on September 13, 1978,
shall become null and void on the same day.
国务院关于进一步做好普通高等学校毕业生就业工作的通知
国务院
国务院关于进一步做好普通高等学校毕业生就业工作的通知
国发〔2011〕16号
各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构：
普通高等学校毕业生（以下简称高校毕业生）是国家宝贵的人才资源，是现代化建设的重要生力军。做好高校毕业生就业工作，是促进经济发展和社会和谐的重要举措。近年来，各地区、各有关部门认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院的决策部署，做了大量工作，取得明显成效，高校毕业生就业形势总体保持稳定。预计“十二五”时期，高校毕业生数量仍将持续增长，促进高校毕业生就业任务依然十分繁重。各地区、各有关部门要继续把高校毕业生就业摆在就业工作的首位，进一步加大工作力度，多渠道开发就业岗位，完善相关政策措施，切实加强就业服务，千方百计促进高校毕业生就业。为进一步做好高校毕业生就业工作，现就有关问题通知如下：
一、适应加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构的进程，积极拓展高校毕业生就业领域
（一）在构建现代产业体系中努力创造更多适合高校毕业生的就业机会。在推进战略性新兴产业发展中培育新的就业增长点，着力发展既具有较高科技含量又具有较强吸纳就业能力的智力密集型、技术密集型产业，开发更多适合高校毕业生的就业岗位。在加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构中实施有利于发挥劳动力比较优势的技术进步和产业升级技术战略，带动生产性就业岗位增长，努力扩大吸纳高校毕业生就业规模。大力发展具有增长潜力的生产性服务业和生活性服务业，积极鼓励发展服务外包、动漫、现代信息技术、现代服务业等产业，创造更多高校毕业生就业机会。积极支持和鼓励高校毕业生投身现代农业建设，鼓励农业企业吸纳高校毕业生就业。在安排政府投资、重大建设项目和制定产业规划时要充分考虑扩大就业的需要，探索建立投资带动就业评估机制，更好地发挥投资对就业的带动作用。及时发布和宣传行业发展规划和相关专业领域的人才规划，引导高校根据行业人才需求，有针对性地开展人才培养。各高校要根据经济社会发展和产业结构调整的需要，认真做好相关专业人才需求预测，合理调整专业设置，推进人才培养模式改革，强化实践教学和实习实训，提高人才培养质量。支持相关行业和产业与高校联合开展人才培养和岗位对接活动，使广大高校毕业生能够学有所用。
（二）鼓励中小企业吸纳高校毕业生就业。中小企业是吸纳高校毕业生就业的主要渠道。要进一步改善中小企业发展环境，大力发展劳动密集型产业、服务业、小型微型企业和创新型科技企业，将落实中小企业扶持政策与做好高校毕业生就业工作结合起来，鼓励企业积极吸纳高校毕业生就业。对招收高校毕业生达到一定数量的中小企业，地方财政应优先考虑安排扶持中小企业发展资金，并优先提供技术改造贷款贴息。对劳动密集型小企业当年新招收登记失业高校毕业生达到一定比例的，可按规定申请最高不超过200万元的小额担保贷款，并享受财政贴息。对企业招收就业困难高校毕业生、签订劳动合同并缴纳社会保险费的，按规定给予社会保险补贴。高校毕业生到中小企业就业的，在专业技术职称评定、科研项目经费申请、科研成果或荣誉称号申报等方面，享受与国有企事业单位同类人员同等待遇。
二、鼓励引导高校毕业生面向城乡基层、中西部地区以及民族地区、贫困地区和艰苦边远地区就业
（三）鼓励高校毕业生面向城乡基层就业。各地要根据统筹城乡经济和加快基本公共服务发展的需要，大力开发社会管理和公共教育、医疗卫生、文化等领域服务岗位，增加高校毕业生就业机会。要进一步完善相关政策，重点解决好他们在工资待遇、社会保障、人员编制、户口档案、职称评定、教育培训、人员流动、资金支持等方面面临的实际问题，鼓励和引导高校毕业生到城乡基层特别是城市社区和农村教育、医疗卫生、文化、科技等基层岗位工作。对在公益性岗位就业并符合条件的高校毕业生，按规定给予社会保险补贴和公益性岗位补贴。自2012年起，省级以上机关录用公务员，除部分特殊职位外，均应从具有2年以上基层工作经历的人员中录用。市（地）级以下机关特别是县乡机关招录公务员，应采取有效措施积极吸引优秀应届高校毕业生报考，录用计划应主要用于招收应届高校毕业生。要按照统一征集岗位、统一发布公告、统一组织考试、统一服务管理的原则，统筹实施“选聘高校毕业生到村任职”、“三支一扶”（支教、支农、支医和扶贫）、“大学生志愿服务西部计划”、“农村义务教育阶段学校教师特设岗位计划”等基层服务项目，做好各类项目之间的政策衔接，进一步落实对服务期满考核合格人员的就业政策措施。切实做好免费师范毕业生就业工作。积极做好征集高校毕业生入伍服义务兵役工作。
（四）鼓励高校毕业生到中西部地区、民族地区、贫困地区和艰苦边远地区就业。要结合中部地区崛起和西部大开发战略的实施以及产业梯度转移的需要，鼓励和引导高校毕业生到中西部地区就业。各地要尽快出台并完善相关政策，对到中西部地区和艰苦边远地区县以下基层单位就业，服务期达到3年以上（含3年）的高校毕业生，按规定实施相应的学费和助学贷款代偿。对到艰苦边远地区或国家扶贫开发工作重点县就业的高校毕业生，在机关工作的，试用期工资可直接按试用期满后工资确定，试用期满后级别工资高定1至2档；在事业单位工作的，可提前转正定级，转正定级时薪级工资高定1至2级。
三、鼓励支持高校毕业生自主创业，稳定灵活就业
（五）落实和完善创业扶持政策。各地区、各有关部门要进一步落实和完善各项创业扶持政策，改善创业环境，积极引导高校毕业生创业。持《就业失业登记证》（注明“自主创业税收政策”或附着《高校毕业生自主创业证》）的高校毕业生在毕业年度内（指毕业所在自然年，即1月1日至12月31日）从事个体经营的，3年内按每户每年8000元为限额依次扣减其当年实际应缴纳的营业税、城市维护建设税、教育费附加和个人所得税。2011年1月1日至2011年12月31日，对高校毕业生创办的年应纳税所得额低于3万元（含3万元）的小型微利企业，其所得减按50%计入应纳税所得额，按20%的税率缴纳企业所得税。发挥小额担保贷款政策促进就业的积极作用，对符合条件的高校毕业生自主创业的，可在创业地按规定申请小额担保贷款；从事微利项目的，可享受不超过10万元贷款额度的财政贴息扶持。对合伙经营和组织起来就业的，可根据实际需要适当提高贷款额度。要进一步改进和完善“小额担保贷款+信用社区建设+创业培训”联动工作机制。有条件的地区要加大财政投入，并积极引入风险投资资金，探索财政资金、风险投资等与大学生创业赛事的对接模式，规范发展民间融资，多渠道加大创业资金投入。要进一步完善和落实行政事业性收费减免等优惠政策，按照法律法规的规定，适当放宽市场准入条件，鼓励高校毕业生创业。
（六）加强创业教育、创业培训和创业服务。各高校要广泛开展创业教育，积极开发创新创业类课程，完善创业教育课程体系，将创业教育课程纳入学分管理。积极推广成熟的创业培训模式，鼓励高校毕业生参加创业培训和实训，提高创业能力。对高校毕业生在毕业年度内参加创业培训的，根据其获得创业培训合格证书或就业、创业情况，按规定给予培训补贴。要根据高校毕业生特点和需求，组织开展政策咨询、信息服务、项目开发、风险评估、开业指导、融资服务、跟踪扶持等“一条龙”创业服务。在充分发挥各类创业孵化基地作用的基础上，因地制宜建设一批大学生创业孵化基地，并给予相关政策扶持。对基地内大学生创业企业要提供培训和指导服务，落实扶持政策，努力提高创业成功率，延长企业存活期。
（七）稳定灵活就业。各地要鼓励支持高校毕业生通过多种形式灵活就业，并给予相关政策扶持。对符合就业困难人员条件的灵活就业高校毕业生，要按规定落实社会保险补贴政策。对申报灵活就业的高校毕业生，各级公共就业人才服务机构按规定提供人事、劳动保障代理服务，做好社会保险关系接续工作。
四、支持高校毕业生参加就业见习和技能培训，鼓励科研项目单位吸纳高校毕业生就业
（八）支持高校毕业生参加就业见习。各地要结合当地产业发展需要和高校毕业生情况，鼓励和扶持一批规模较大并有一定社会影响力的企事业单位作为就业见习单位，为有见习需求的未就业高校毕业生提供见习机会。积极引导有条件的科技企业孵化器创建大学生科技创业见习基地。要进一步完善就业见习管理办法，明确见习对象范围、见习基地条件、见习补贴标准、见习考核评估等事项，进一步规范见习活动。认真落实见习期间基本生活补助政策，基本生活补助费用由见习单位和地方政府分担。各地要根据当地经济发展和物价水平，合理确定和及时调整基本生活补助标准。见习单位应加强见习场所的安全管理，并为参加见习的高校毕业生购买人身意外伤害保险。见习单位支出的见习补贴相关费用，不计入社会保险缴费基数，但符合税收法律法规规定的，可以在计算企业所得税应纳税所得额时扣除。
（九）支持高校毕业生参加职业技能培训和技能鉴定。各地要积极组织有培训需求的高校毕业生参加职业技能培训和技能鉴定，帮助其提高就业能力。对高校毕业生在毕业年度内参加职业技能培训的，根据其取得职业资格证书（未颁布国家职业技能标准的职业应取得专项职业能力证书或培训合格证书）或就业情况，按规定给予培训补贴。对高校毕业生在毕业年度内通过初次职业技能鉴定并取得职业资格证书或专项职业能力证书的，按规定给予一次性职业技能鉴定补贴。对企业新招收毕业年度高校毕业生，在6个月之内开展岗前培训的，按规定给予企业职业培训补贴。
（十）鼓励科研项目单位吸纳高校毕业生就业。鼓励高校、科研机构和企业，结合国家产业发展和技术进步的需要开展研究，并按照公开、自愿、双向选择的原则，在所承担的项目实施过程中，聘用优秀高校毕业生作为研究助理或辅助人员参与研究工作。在承担的民口科技重大专项、“973”计划、“863”计划、科技支撑计划以及国家自然科学基金等重大重点项目实施过程中，聘用高校毕业生的劳务性费用和有关社会保险费补助可按规定从项目经费中列支。聘用期满，根据工作需要可以续聘或到其他岗位就业，就业后工龄与参与研究期间的工作时间合并计算，社会保险缴费年限合并计算。
五、大力加强就业指导、就业服务和就业援助
（十一）加强就业指导和就业服务。各高校要全面开展职业发展指导和就业创业教育，将就业指导课程纳入教学计划，建立贯穿于整个大学教育期间的职业发展和就业指导课程体系，帮助大学生树立正确的成才和就业观念。各地区、各有关部门要根据高校毕业生求职就业特点，创新就业服务模式，完善服务措施，采取组织企业进校园、召开专场招聘会和供求洽谈会、开展网络招聘等活动，为高校毕业生提供方便、快捷、直接、有效的就业信息服务。各地公共就业人才服务机构、高校毕业生就业指导服务机构及其他就业服务机构要加强合作，建立健全高校毕业生就业信息服务平台，提供政策发布、岗位信息、网络招聘、远程面试、指导咨询等就业服务。要大力推动互联网就业服务的健康发展，加强信息监督管理，规范互联网求职就业行为。要加强人力资源市场需求预测，完善职业供求信息收集和发布制度，引导高校毕业生理性求职、用人单位积极招聘和高校科学合理设置专业。鼓励各类职业中介机构为高校毕业生提供就业服务，对为登记失业高校毕业生提供服务并符合条件的给予职业介绍补贴。鼓励企业与高校合作，为大学生提供有针对性的指导和服务，帮助大学生提升专业能力和职业能力。全面落实为登记失业高校毕业生免费提供政策咨询、职业指导、职业介绍和人事档案托管等服务政策。支持工会、共青团、妇联等组织开展多种形式的高校毕业生就业创业扶持活动。
（十二）开展就业失业登记。各级公共就业人才服务机构要按照就业促进法的规定，为已就业高校毕业生免费办理就业登记，并按规定提供人事、劳动保障代理服务。要进一步完善就业登记办法，建立就业登记与劳动合同管理、社会保险费缴纳联动机制，维护劳动者就业权益。对未就业的高校毕业生可按规定办理失业登记，并纳入户籍所在地失业人员统一管理，落实相关就业扶持政策。各级人力资源社会保障部门、教育部门和各高校要加强合作，进一步完善以实名制为基础的高校毕业生就业统计制度，做好高校毕业生毕业前后的信息衔接和服务接续。
（十三）强化就业援助。各级公共就业人才服务机构要将就业困难的高校毕业生纳入当地就业援助体系，建立专门台账，实施“一对一”职业指导和重点帮扶，并向用人单位重点推荐，或通过公益性岗位安置就业。对符合条件的人员按规定落实社会保险补贴和公益性岗位补贴。各高校可根据困难家庭毕业生的实际情况，给予适当的求职补贴。各地要高度重视大城市聚居地长时间失业高校毕业生以及女性、残疾人和少数民族等高校毕业生的就业问题，提供有针对性的就业服务和就业指导，鼓励有条件的地区制定实施专门的就业扶持政策。
（十四）保障就业权益。各城市应取消高校毕业生落户限制，允许高校毕业生在就（创）业地办理落户手续（直辖市按有关规定执行）。各地要按照就业促进法、劳动合同法、公务员法等的要求，进一步深化高校毕业生就业制度改革，简化高校毕业生就业程序。对到各类用人单位就业的高校毕业生，其职称评定、工资待遇、社会保险办理、工龄确定等要严格按照国家有关规定执行。高校毕业生从企业、社会团体到机关事业单位就业的，其参加基本养老保险缴费年限合并计算为工龄。要加大对各类企业特别是中小企业在劳动用工、缴纳社会保险费等方面的劳动监察力度，切实维护高校毕业生的合法权益。要进一步加强人力资源市场管理，大力开展人力资源市场清理整顿工作，严厉打击非法职业中介和招聘过程中的各类欺诈行为。要认真执行残疾人就业条例的有关规定，保障残疾人高校毕业生的就业权益。要切实落实取消就业体检中乙肝检测项目的有关规定，防止各类就业歧视，维护高校毕业生公平就业权利。
各地区、各有关部门要按照本通知精神，进一步加强对高校毕业生就业工作的领导，强化目标责任，把高校毕业生就业工作情况列入政府政绩考核内容，切实抓好贯彻落实。要加大对就业政策措施和先进典型的宣传力度，引导高校毕业生转变就业观念，营造良好的就业环境。
国务院
二○一一年五月三十一日
